Aldehyde Ketones Carboxylic Acid | Chapter 12 | Class 12th Chemistry | Handwritten Notes
Click here for Handwritten pdf Notes 1. The classes of organic compounds containing carbonyl group (CO) as the functional group are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivates. These are collectively called carbonyl compounds. 2. Nature of carbonyl group : Oxygen atom in carbonyl group is far more electronegative than carbon atom. As a result, the oxygen atom tends to attract the electron cloud of the π-bond towards itself, i. e., the π-electron cloud of >c = O is unsymmetrical. Hence carbonyl carbon acquires positive charge and carbonyl oxygen carries negative charge. Thus, the carbonyl group is polar in nature. 3. Methods of preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones: (a) By controlled oxidation of primary and secondary alcohol, aldehydes and ketones are produced. (b) By dehydrogenation of alcohols : Primary alcohols on dehydrogenation produce aldehydes while secondary alcohols produce ketones. 4. Preparation of Aldehydes: (a) Acyl chloride (acid chloride) is hydrogena
